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Miniature Nuclear Reactors to Be on Sale Within 5 Years
(Source: Hyperion)
Michael Asher / DailyTech
November 10, 2008
‘Hyperion, Toshiba, others, race to produce “personal” nuclear power.’ -
Using technology licensed from the U.S. government, an Arizona-based company is planning to bring a new generation of miniature nuclear reactors to market. The Hyperion Hydride Reactor is not much larger than a hot tub, is totally sealed and self-operating, has no moving parts and, beyond refueling, requires no maintenance of any sort. The reactor will output 27MW, enough to power a community of 20,000 homes, says Hyperion Energy, makers of the new reactor. The first models will roll off the assembly line in five years.
Unlike conventional nuclear reactors, the Hyperion design uses no water for cooling, meaning it can be sited anywhere. It is designed to be covered in concrete and then buried while in operation, to reduce the risk of tampering. The reactor must be excavated every 7-10 years for refueling, but can otherwise be left entirely undisturbed.
“Our goal is to generate electricity for 10 cents a watt anywhere in the world”, says Hyperion CEO John Deal.
Deal says that more than 100 orders have already been placed, from both the oil and electricity industries, as well as developing nations. The small size of the reactor makes it ideal for smaller, isolated communities which can therefore avoid the heavy cost of high-power electricity transmission lines.
Since power is produced 100% of the time, the total energy output is more than 15 times what the world’s most powerful 400-foot tall 5 MW wind turbine will produce. The total cost is estimated at $25 million USD. It generates no greenhouse gases while in operation and, when one takes into account the total amount of resources used during manufacture, is said to have much less of a carbon footprint than even wind or solar power.
“We now have a six-year waiting list,” says Deal. “We are in talks with developers in the Cayman Islands, Panama, and the Bahamas”.
The reactor uses a uranium hydride core, surrounded by hydrogen gas. The fuel is not enriched to weapons-grade, meaning it can’t be used for building a nuclear device.
The reactor would be installed underground. (Source: Hyperion)
Hyperion plans to eventually have three factories mass-producing the reactors, a step which will further reduce costs and increase the number available.
Toshiba is also working on its own mini nuclear reactor, the “4S”, which the company says stands for “super-safe, small, and simple”. The 4S is based on a smaller 10 MW design that can last 30-40 years before refueling. The 4S is sodium-cooled, and uses liquid lithium-6 to moderate the reactor, instead of conventional control rods. Like Hyperion’s design, the reactor is totally sealed and requires no maintenance or operation.
Toshiba says the reactor will make power available for as little as 5 cents/kWh. A demonstration version of the 4S is planned to be online in 2012, and will be sited in the Alaskan village of Galena. After that, Toshiba plans to offer the 4S for sale throughout North America and Europe.
Startup firm NuScale is also working on its own mini reactor design.
© 2008, DailyTech
Klarken
10 months ago
38 comments
The nuclear waste angle was not missed. Since the nuclear plants of the 1950s and 1960s we have learned how to reduce and recycle the nuclear waste.
With current designs nuclear waste can be 99.9% reprocessed/recycled. Which means for something the size of one of these reactors it will produce nuclear waste on the order of a couple grams every 10 years. Your hospitals generate more nuclear waste than that in a week for cancer treatments.
abdulsalam
10 months ago
4 comments
apart from cost/benefit thing, one point everyone seems to miss is nuclear waste. Where the nuclear waste will go? And who will make sure that nuclear waste does not get into hands of people who want to use it for wrong purposes.
pjc3
10 months ago
20 comments
no need for this. invest that 25 million in a wind farm and solar array with a 12 volt local grid instead of the archaic 120 volt grid; every major appliance we use in the US can be run off a 12 volt power source, just like in RV's. if every new development built a 12 volt grid and it's own power options the whole neighborhood would be seeling energy back to the power companies; the problem is that the people who invest in this kind of thing do not want cheap energy, because they make a killing off of the waste.
graydoll
10 months ago
26 comments
I don't really give a fuck about reducing costs if there are sodium leak dangers. Or any other leak for that matter. This is stupid, when you consider whole towns are fueling themselves with energy based on wind-power and other totally clean, safe, renewable kinds of energy.
The fact is, safe or not, money went into this. Money has to come out, or a lot of really rich people are going to be really angry. So, they sell it, and they use anything they can to do that -- "interesting articles" and supportive "real" comments on blogs and in forums where those informative articles just happen to be published. Get the geek community behind it, because they can show off how much they know. I'm wary, and I hope you all have your thinking caps on. This is a backward step on the energy front.
shandel
10 months ago
70 comments
This sounds pretty good,however guest the price will be huge too.I guest only a certain class of people will be able to afford it; but again great idea.
Goose29us
10 months ago
10 comments
I think this idea has great potential. We need to explore more effecient means of power generation and a self-contained reactor that is design to be buried underground sounds like a good option to explore.
NatanoRolaris
10 months ago
2 comments
Hey this sounds great. Almost like energy that is too cheap to meter. I'm just glad they don't include the cost of dealing with the large plume of radioactive ground water creeping away from large nuke waste dumps like the one in Hanford Washington. What's their annual budget? Oh, only about 15 BILLION a year for the next 250,000 years, but hey, tomorrows children are already going to be paying for this same type of short sighted greed oriented economic smash and grab that we've seen looting our coffers for the last 8 years. So if you don't like radiation, don't windsurf down stream of Hanford, and don't have kids for their sake.
Natano Rolaris
eagle13_1978
10 months ago
56 comments
Funny thing about this article is that I recently gave an oral presentation on the benefits and affordability of nuclear power. This just further supports my thesis.
TheNuclearOption
10 months ago
308 comments
The waste issue isn't such a big problem for modern reactors as both the fuel and the reactors are designed with decommissioning and waste management in mind from the start. The waste problems of the nuclear industry are mainly legacy issues arising from the early days of the industry. These have to be solved whether or not we build any new reactors and they have been solved from a technical point of view it simply needs politicians to show some will and stop sitting on their hands.
For new build the key is to ensure that each project only goes ahead if it includes a comprehensive waste management plan that shows how the irradiated fuel and reactor are to be decommissioned and how it is to be funded.
One way to reduce the cost to the US of disposing of legacy fuel is to reprocess it and use all the energy available in the fuel rather than as now happens use a very small percent of the available energy and then treat what is a valuable energy resource as waste.
Tech_Insider
10 months ago
132 comments
Ah yes the Toshiba 4S reactors. I believe that Mitsubishi has a similar, but larger version.
I suppose that there is an inherent risk to any type of nuclear power, although risks need to be realistically assessed. Following information is from http://www.primidi.com/2005/02/06.html
Here are some details about the 4S reactor.
Toshiba calls its design the 4S reactor, for "super-safe, small and simple." It would be installed underground, and in case of cooling system failure, heat would be dissipated through the earth. There are no complicated control rods to move through the core to control the flow of neutrons that sustain the chain reaction; instead, the reactor uses reflector panels around the edge of the core. If the panels are removed, the density of neutrons becomes too low to sustain the chain reaction.
Is this really a Super-Safe nuclear reactor?
The design is described as inherently safe, but it does have one riskier feature: It uses liquid sodium, not water, to draw heat away from the core, so the heat can be used to make steam and then electricity.
Designers chose sodium so they could run the reactor about 200 degrees hotter than most power reactors, but still keep the coolant depressurized. (Water at that temperature would make steam at thousands of pounds of pressure a square inch.) The problem is that if sodium leaks, it burns.
Kratos
10 months ago
8 comments
I think the Toshiba version makes more sense. 30-40 years before refueling? That's amazing! Too bad the government will prevent major cities from using it. Major tax dollars from current utility companies will be endangered, causing the Feds to create a "scare" in using an efficient solution like this in highly populated areas...
Tech_Insider
10 months ago
132 comments
WDChipman posted:
"the molten glass solution and the use of Plasma generators along
with pocket Nuclear systems makes a great deal of sense and produces
a lot less toxic waste than any of the alternatives."
________________________________
That is an interesting idea. Would you happen to know of any websites which discuss the nuclear waste glass subsystem theories? This topic has interested me for some time even before this article was posted, being that there is a Fermi II reactor not too far from where I live, relatively speaking. To date, I have only found one site that attempts to explain it in straight forward terms, even though the entire process is extremely complicated. I'm not an engineer, but took quite a few pre-engineering courses in the past, and the following paper talks about it in probably the most straight forward terms which I have found.
The introduction explains the issues with a follow up on the models and calculations which provide a more defined explanation involving thermodynamics and chemical reactions. Apparently, database models have been and are being developed in order to assess the process, but it seems like there is still quite a bit of research to be done before a final conclusion can be made.
Just thought that I would share what I have found regarding the topic......
See link to paper below:
https://www.ms.ornl.gov/researchgroups/SPM/methods/THERMO/PDF/5-mrs...
WDChipman
10 months ago
2 comments
The folks in Tenn. can let you know that we don't always consider the cost of waste disposal from any source of electricity. Anyone who grew up in the oil patch in the West knows that oil wells genertate huge amounts of toxic wastes during the drilling process. Coal transportation releases a lot more radiation every day in most cities than Three Mile Island. Huge stands of rusting wind turbines won't help the view in West Texas in 40 years either.
I think the molten glass solution and the use of Plasma generators along with pocket Nuclear systems makes a great deal of sense and produces a lot less toxic waste than any of the alternatives. Remember, it's not a choice between no waste and Nuclear waste, but coal mine trailings, Oil upset mud and coal dust from trains and Nuclear waste.
Kennyward
10 months ago
2 comments
I agree with you Steel546 this is great energy source but to wasteful and to dangerous to be done this planet. This would be great for space technology because any waste can be shot out towards the nearest star. And would further our space program 10 fold. I mean really when was the last cool thing we did in space a small space station. We should be making it bigger and exploring more of our galaxy to colonizing other planets we have a major problem going on it's called over population it causes disease, famine, war since we can't get along, all I'm saying is I hope the dick heads in charge use this properly and don't screw us over
luvliberia
10 months ago
2 comments
This is what we have been waiting for...Not being screwed by the all powerful electric and gas companies...I can't wait to see the competition...Importantly, we can send folks to the moon and back, but cannot cheaply power our homes...sigh...Nor produce cars that do not rely on Middle Eastern oil...Hope the greed and interest of a few does not take over and screw this one for us all...
SSS