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MIT Students Develop Solar Dish Hot Enough to Melt Steel
The dish is composed of a set of 10 inch by 12 foot curved mirrors, like the one seen here. The students easily mount the mirrors to the aluminum framework using simple hardware like washers and zip ties. (Source: MIT)
Jason Mick / DailyTech
June 21, 2008
‘New solar dish from MIT concentrates sunlight intensely enough to melt steel.’ -
The solar industry is booming. With waves of investment and grants, the solar power industry is for the first time becoming a serious business. New power plants will soon be pumping power out to consumers, while other firms market to sell panels directly to the consumer, providing them with a more direct means of experiencing solar energy.
There are many forms of solar power technology. Today the most dominant is photo-voltaics , which comprise the traditional solar panels that come to mind when one thinks of solar power. However, there are other promising ways of capturing the sun’s energy that are merely less developed.
Among these is a parabolic collector. A parabolic collector consists of an array of mirrors focused on a singular point, which they heat to a high temperature. By placing water or another liquid at the collector, energy can be stored in the form of a phase transformation, and later harvested through a turbine generator.
However, parabolic collectors are still a relatively new field of research. Their true potential remains relatively unknown. A glimpse of it was provided by a research team at MIT, which developed a new parabolic collector design, which will blow away current solar power designs in terms of efficiency.
The MIT team believes that their lightweight, inexpensive device holds the promise of revolutionizing the power industry and providing solar power to even remote regions.
The key piece is the 12-foot dish, which the team assembled in several weeks. The design is exceedingly simple and inexpensive. The frame is composed of aluminum tubing and mirrors are attached to it.
The results are staggering – the completed mirror focuses enough solar energy at its focal point to melt solid steel. The energy of typical sunlight is concentrated by a factor of 1,000. This was showcased during a demonstration, in which a team member held up a board, which instantly and violently combusted, when brought within range of the focal point.
By directing the dish at a more practical target – water piped through black tubing – steam can be flash created, offering instant means of producing energy or providing heating.
Spencer Ahrens, who just received his master’s in mechanical engineering from MIT, was among the designers of the dish. He and his fellow team members are serious about marketing it, and leveraging its cheap cost and easy production. They have founded a company named RawSolar. They say their design is easily mass producible and that they hope to be pumping out 1,000 of dishes in years to come.
The new dishes would return their costs in a mere couple years, unlike standard photo-voltaic installations which can take 10 years or more to return their costs. This improvement is critical to providing practical economic justification for adoption.
The dish is based partly on components invented and patented by inventor Doug Wood. He was so pleased with the team’s work that he signed over rights to the components to the team. He elates, “This is actually the most efficient solar collector in existence, and it was just completed. They really have simplified this and made it user-friendly, so anybody can build it.”
The mirrors incredible power makes short work of a beam of wood, disintegrating it in flames and smoke. The focal point can melt steel. (Source: MIT)
Wood says one of the keys to the success of the project is the smaller size. Dishes are affected by the same weight dynamics that effect living organisms. Much as large living organisms would need an inordinate amount of weight support and thus are not favored, larger dish designs fall short in that they require an exponentially greater amount of infrastructure. For example, a dish the size of the RawSolar team’s design costs only a third of what a larger dish would cost.
MIT Sloan School of Management lecturer David Pelly gave a guiding hand to the students and thinks the economic upsides of the technology are impressive. He states, “I’ve looked for years at a variety of solar approaches, and this is the cheapest I’ve seen. And the key thing in scaling it globally is that all of the materials are inexpensive and accessible anywhere in the world. I’ve looked all over for solar technology that could scale without subsidies. Almost nothing I’ve looked at has that potential. This does.”
The ability to build unsubsidized, profitable, and easy to manufacture solar power will truly be something amazing. This should be an exciting technology to follow as it is marketed and further developed.
Besides Ahrens, the other students primarily working on the project were Micah Sze (Sloan MBA ’08), UC Berkeley graduate and Broad Institute engineer Eva Markiewicz, Olin College student Matt Ritter and MIT materials science student Anna Bershteyn.
© 2008, DailyTech

tczubernat
about 1 year ago
2 comments
Holy Cow!
Some of these comments are just plain ole' silly.
This device was not meant to set wood on fire. It's meant to turn water into steam, in a flash! Steam drives turbine where it loses some of its energy and can be condensed into water by passing it through a copper coil. The turbine needs to be synchronized with city (grid) power and be able to last a long time !? I got news for you, genius. Almost all electricity is produced by boiling water, turning it to steam and driving one of those fancy, long lasting turbines. Yes, even this high tech thing called nuclear just boils water and drives a long lasting turbine. The "synchronizing" electronics are already readily available and are cheap.
You guys are silly (too many video games,me thinks.) No wonder the Europeans are so far ahead of us in terms of renewable energy production. Good thing MIT is around. They might have started with a $200 Fresnel lens but, hey, why not get creative.
Oh, and Archimedes would be proud.
prairieboy
about 1 year ago
2 comments
Just to reply to JackB's comment: now I am not an engineer but I do have computer science experience along with robotics experience and I can say that to rig up a sun tracking circuit to a motor would NOT be a big deal and would NOT be expensive. Just because engineers are only taught the most expensive computer algorithms (like bubble sort) doesn't mean that these modifications are expensive or difficult. It could be done quite cheaply using a five dollar chip and a simple motor. I strongly encourage people to keep researching these ideas because they are in reality cheap to do, relatively easy to set up and environmentally friendly; and do not let some arrogant knowitall poopoo all over your ideas because they are too uncreative to find inexpensive and elegant solutions.
cbresaw
about 1 year ago
2 comments
Well, personally, despite the other "know it alls" that replied...I thinks it's fabulous that young minds are not only working on a solution, but are attempting to harness a free, reusable, resource available to practically all of mankind that reduces the need for oil consumption. It may not be perfect yet...it may have it's kinks to work out...but the solar projects in Seville and the other huge project in either Australia or Africa (I am sorry, I can't remember now...it is done with many mirrors beneath a huge glass canopy that allows super heated air to collect in a tower)...ARE working but they are on a huge and expensive scale. These young people are attempting to make it accessible to communities...I truly think it's marvelous and bears watching... GOOD GOING MIT STUDENTS!! I am very proud of the work you are trying to do!!
tmullins
about 1 year ago
4 comments
I just spent the time reading the rest of the responses. JackB has turned a critical eye on this (thanks for that) and I will follow suite...
Take any energy solution (nuclear comes to mind) and think more about what happens when things go wrong. When you write an article about energy alternatives, what is generally lacking is a balanced look at the real cost of that technology, not only what it really takes to produce it, but also the waste and ongoing risks when there's a catastrophic event.
Is anyone as disgusted with compact florescent bulbs as I am ("oh, by the way, there's mercury inside and you'll need to execute a hazardous waste procedure if you drop one")? My question on this solar technology is... OK, you have this super solar heater that would should enable us to harvest the sun's energy. What are you doing to ensure that a strong wind doesn't cause that new device to start a fire and burn down my house -- or worse, the whole neighborhood?
tmullins
about 1 year ago
4 comments
quaz84a asks about "Archimedes". I think you should use that in the product name, makes sense.
Question: Do you anticipate the applications for this technology to include pool heating and household water heating in addition to generating electricity?
In the Boston area, I've been thinking about researching solar for heating water for showers, etc. or for heating my pool. But, my understanding is that the ballpark cost is at $6K and up for a simple system (not sure if that includes government subsidies).
The promise of this technology is incredible. I'm glad I waited to dig into solar and will keep my eyes on how this all turns out.
Fixer
about 1 year ago
2 comments
Hey they read the book of history and also the book of Home Made Energy, magazines like Mother Earth News. Shall I go on or is these guys’s plagiarism going un noticed. Archimedes would have shot these guys for the NEW idea.
bittterman
about 1 year ago
12 comments
and fuckin lazzy haha i am
bittterman
about 1 year ago
12 comments
dude were in the us we still use gas its fuckin gay americans are stupid
JackB
about 1 year ago
2 comments
This all sounds great and exciding for those who do not think past the picture with mirror-clad dish and burning wooden pole.
Yes, concentrated solar power has a great potential, zero fuel costs, zero emissions (aside from environmental effect of producing the actual hardware for power plant).
By the way, the commercial power stations are already working; 11MW PS10 in Spain, near Seville. And Solucar, the company that operates it, plans to build more stations for a total capacity of 300 MW which should cover the needs of majority of residents of Seville.
As is with the case of the mirror dish constructed by MIT students’ couple of "minor" additions required to turn the dish into viable power generator:
1. Because of the Earth's rotation to maintain the focus dish has to track the sun during the day, therefore dish has to be actuated in both the azimuth and elevation. That by itself will add costs greater then the dish. And keep in mind that the tracking system has to be able to adjust to seasonal changes. Also, all of the mechanisms and electronics associated with the dish have to be able to withstand the sun, the rain, the wind and everything that wind can bring, which means that everything has to be housed in water-proof and corrosion-resistant enclosures.
2. Article has no mention of any device placed in the focal point of the dish, that suppose to actually convert the power of concentrated solar rays into usable form of energy, such as electricity. If we are talking about a conventional steam turbine then we also will need a collector made of something like black oxidized stainless steel piping connected to steam generator. So as to get the maximum production from the whole thing we will also need the cooling system where some of the energy from the steam can be released to turn the steam back to water so it can be reused.
3. The power head will have to an industrial generator which can work every day for years.
4. The output, if to be used with existing building wiring and connected to the city power grid, will have to be phase synchronized with the city’s power, which will require either smart inverter, or some other system that will synch the power head with the city’s power.
Should I go on? Those are only few things that are known to someone NOT having great knowledge about power generating industry, albeit an engineer by trade.
Mister Jason Mick, the author of the article might wish to do some homework before making statements about ”revolutionizing the power industry” with the 12' mirror dish.
arlandean
about 1 year ago
2 comments
what's that sound? hear it? ohhhh...it's a thundering herd of green-tech Venture Capitalists...uh oh...looks like one of'em tripped...and the others are running over him...
Becker
about 1 year ago
4 comments
Is there any video of this?
quaz84a
about 1 year ago
4 comments
Why didn't you mention the Archimedes?
Light_Bringer
about 1 year ago
2 comments
Ever Hear of a Fresnel lens? One of those less than four feet square can flash melt steel and you can buy one that size for less than $200.